Reviewer
Marcus Reilly
EPA 608 Universal, NATE-certified, 14 years HVAC
Marcus is a residential and light-commercial HVAC service technician based in the Midwest. He holds EPA Section 608 Universal certification, which is the federal credential required to handle refrigerant on any equipment type from window units through high-pressure commercial chillers, earned by passing the proctored Core exam plus all three Type I, II, and III specialty exams under 40 CFR Part 82 Subpart F. He is also NATE-certified in air conditioning and heat pump service, the Traditional Pathway track that requires the Core exam plus a 100-question specialty exam, with biennial recertification through 16 hours of continuing education.
Day to day, Marcus runs service calls on 2-to-5-ton split systems, mini-splits, and gas furnaces. The math on this site is the math he uses on the truck: subcooling on a TXV unit, superheat on a fixed orifice, PT chart lookups for R-410A and R-454B, line-set sizing on long-run installs, and load calculations when a homeowner wants to know whether their existing equipment is the right size before he writes the quote. He has worked through three refrigerant transitions in his career (R-22 phaseout, R-410A standardization, and now the A2L move to R-454B and R-32), which is why the refrigerant tools on this site are the ones he checks most closely.
Marcus reviews the system sizing math (BTU sizer, heat pump sizing, furnace sizing, mini-split sizing, line set sizing), the refrigerant tools (PT chart, superheat, psychrometric), and the dew-point math that drives condensation troubleshooting. He flags any tool that defaults to a value he would not accept on a kitchen-table walkthrough.
Tools reviewed by Marcus
Every tool listed below was reviewed by Marcus Reilly against the published code, standard, or manufacturer data it implements. Marcus signs off on the math, the inputs that drive it, and the edge cases the result panel flags.
System sizing
Pro tools
Comparison guides reviewed by Marcus
Side-by-side comparisons fact-checked by Marcus against field experience, install quotes, and manufacturer specs. Each guide covers a real homeowner decision, with the install cost ranges, climate fit, and edge cases verified before publication.
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Heat pump vs mini-split
Ducted central heat pump vs ductless mini-split. Cost, efficiency, zone control, and retrofit fit.
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Mini-split vs central AC
Cooling-only decision: install cost, SEER2 efficiency math, retrofit reality, and which one fits.
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Mini split vs window AC
For one room. Window AC at $300 vs mini-split at $3,500 installed. The DIY route, the stacked-cost math, and which one each room actually needs.
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Are mini splits worth it?
Install cost by zone count, payback math by what you replace, and the 3 cases where mini splits do not pay back.
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Carrier vs Trane vs Lennox vs Goodman
AC brand comparison across 7 major manufacturers. Warranty, efficiency, dealer network, price tier.
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Daikin vs Mitsubishi mini split
How the Diamond Contractor program flips the warranty math, where the cold-climate gap closed, and the refrigerant split (R-32 vs R-454B).
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Goodman vs Rheem
Two volume brands. EcoNet smart-home and water heater bundle vs Goodman lifetime compressor warranty. Where the $400 to $1,000 Rheem premium pays.
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LG vs Mitsubishi mini split
LG runs 10 to 20 percent under Mitsubishi but the service network and parts pipeline tell a different story. Where Art Cool and LGRED fit the decision.
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Mitsubishi vs Fujitsu mini split
Mitsubishi went R-454B, Fujitsu went R-32. Why the Mitsubishi 12-year warranty is shorter than it looks, plus the parts pipeline at year 10.
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MrCool vs Mitsubishi mini split
MrCool DIY runs $1,250 to $3,000 installed. Mitsubishi runs $3,500 to $7,500. What the price gap actually buys in warranty and cold-climate heat.
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Gas vs oil vs propane furnace
The three-way fuel decision for forced-air furnaces. Install cost, monthly fuel, what it takes to switch off oil, and the tank-liability angle nobody warns you about.
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80% vs 96% furnace
Metal flue vs white PVC pipes, the condensate drain, where each furnace can go in the house, and the federal rule putting a clock on the 80.
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R-410A vs R-454B vs R-32
What changed at the EPA AIM Act deadline, which refrigerant your new AC uses, and service-cost reality.
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Window AC vs portable AC
Efficiency gap, real-world cooling delivered per BTU, and the cases where portable is the right call.
Troubleshooting guides reviewed by Marcus
Diagnostic walkthroughs Marcus signed off on against the service calls they actually run. Each page lists the real fix order and what every repair costs.
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Portable AC not cooling
A portable that runs but will not cool is usually a setup or sizing problem, not a breakdown. The hand-at-the-vent test, the fixes in order from filter to window-kit seal, why single-hose units fight themselves, and when the box BTU lied about the size.
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AC short cycling
Why the AC keeps turning on and off, the free checks to try first, the pattern that tells you the cause, and the deeper culprits from a frozen coil to an oversized unit.
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House humid with the AC running
The house is cool but stays sticky. Why the AC is not dehumidifying, the free fan setting that fixes most cases, what to check next, and when an oversized unit or a dehumidifier is the real answer.
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AC blowing warm air
The diagnostic order a service tech actually runs, from the thermostat to the compressor, with real part costs and which fixes you can do yourself.
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AC running but not cooling
The air is cold but the house never gets there. The capacity and airflow causes, from a dirty condenser to leaky ducts to an undersized unit, and what each fix costs.
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AC making a loud noise
What a buzzing, rattling, banging, screeching, humming, or hissing AC means, sorted by sound, which ones are a safe DIY check, which mean shut it off now, and what each fix costs.
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AC freezing up
Eight causes of a frozen evaporator coil, the ice-location decision tree that tells which one you have, and the gauge readings that separate airflow from refrigerant.
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Furnace not turning on
A dead furnace is usually a free fix. The thermostat, breaker, power switch, access panel, and condensate float checks that solve most no-heat calls, then what repairs cost.
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Furnace blowing cold air
Gas furnace, electric, or heat pump diagnostics in one walk-through, with the LED blink codes, flame sensor readings, and defrost cycle timing a tech actually checks.
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Furnace short cycling
Why the furnace fires up then shuts off every few minutes, the free filter fix to try first, the flame sensor and high-limit switch causes, the oversized-furnace case, and the cracked heat exchanger and carbon monoxide warning that means stop.
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Heat pump not heating
Two branches at the outdoor unit decide the whole diagnostic: running but blowing cold, or not running at all. Heating-mode gauge readings, reversing-valve test, and the $40 fix that techs miss.
Guides reviewed by Marcus
HVAC explainers covering the questions homeowners ask most, fact-checked by Marcus against field experience and published code.
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Dual hose portable air conditioner: how they work
The second hose stops the unit pulling hot air back into the room, so it cools harder in a big or sun-baked space. Why the edge is real but smaller than the ads claim, and when a single hose unit is fine.
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How to vent a portable AC without a window
The hot exhaust still has to reach outside, but a sliding door, a casement window, a wall, or a vented ceiling all work. The realistic options ranked, the bad ideas to skip, and why no real ventless portable AC exists.
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What is a swamp cooler?
An evaporative cooler cools for cheap in dry air and turns into a clammy fan once it gets humid. How it works, the climates where it actually cools, the types, what it costs to run, and who should skip it.
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Which portable evaporative cooler do you need?
A portable swamp cooler cools a garage, shop, or patio for pennies in dry air. The size tiers, the tank-versus-garden-hose decision most buyers miss, where one earns its keep, and what to check before you buy.
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Is a window evaporative cooler worth it?
A window swamp cooler looks like a window AC but cools with wet pads. Why it costs the same with no edge, the heavy install and water hookup that catch buyers out, and the narrow case where one fits.
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Whole-house evaporative cooler: what it takes
The big roof or ground unit that cools a whole home in dry climates, and the one form factor where evaporative cooling beats central AC on cost. The mount choice, the ductwork catch, and the upkeep.
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Are Midea air conditioners good?
The largest AC maker in the world sells real value on window and U-shaped units, but a mold recall and a one-year warranty are the catches. When a Midea is the smart buy and when to skip it.
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HVAC service: what it costs and when to call
What an HVAC service call includes and costs, the diagnostic fee to ask about up front, how to tell a real after-hours emergency from a problem that can wait until morning, what a gas smell or CO alarm actually means, and how to hire without getting pushed into a system you do not need.
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Furnace replacement: signs you need a new one
How long a furnace lasts, the warning signs it is failing, the cracked heat exchanger that ends it at any age, when a repair stops making sense, and what to know before you replace.
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How often should you service your AC?
How often a central AC and a heat pump actually need professional service, what a real tune-up includes versus the upsell version, what it costs, what you can do yourself, and whether a yearly maintenance plan is worth it.
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How to clean your AC condenser coils
The cheapest AC maintenance with the biggest payoff. How to safely clean the outdoor coils step by step, the pressure-washer mistake that flattens the fins, how to tell the coils are dirty, the indoor coil you should leave to a pro, and how to keep them clean.
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Do heat pumps work in cold climates?
What temperature heat pumps stop working, when you need a cold-climate model, when you need backup heat, and what state rebates do to the install math.
How BTU Size uses reviewers
Every tool on BTU Size credits a named technician with field experience in the relevant trade. Reviewers check the math against published code (ACCA, ASHRAE, NEC, NFPA, IECC), against manufacturer engineering data (Carrier, Trane, Mitsubishi, Owens Corning, Slant/Fin), and against the edge cases that show up on real service calls. See the full reviewer roster and methodology.